Shaw Capital Management Investment Equity Markets 2010 Part 1

Equity markets have rallied over the past month, sentiment has swung once again towards a more optimistic view of the prospects for the global economy, and concerns about sovereign debt defaults in Europe have eased.

Wall Street has recovered from the sharp sell-off in late-June, helped by some encouraging second quarter earnings reports; and markets in Europe have responded, with the UK market providing the best performance over the month. The worst performance amongst the major markets has occurred in the Japanese market because of disappointing economic news and increased political uncertainty after the setback for the government in the recent election.

The general improvement in the markets over the month is a welcome development. The gloom in April and May about economic prospects was clearly overdone. The US economy is performing as expected, and the Chinese authorities are clearly intent on preventing their economy from overheating.

The global economic recovery will therefore proceed at a slow pace. The sovereign debt crisis in Europe remains unresolved and defaults remain a real possibility. The risks have therefore increased in the bond markets, and this has provided support for the equity markets. So long as monetary policy remains supportive, the global recovery should eventually produce a sustainable improvement in bond prices; but some of the current uncertainties in the bond markets must be resolved before this can occur. The performance of the US economy remains the key factor is assessing the prospects for the equity markets. There has already been a request to Congress for additional spending programmes “to keep the economic recovery on track”, and although there has been no response so far, some action may become necessary. The excess gloom has disappeared, fears about sovereign debt defaults in Europe have eased, and there have been encouraging corporate results from a number of major companies, including Microsoft, Caterpillar, UPS, and Intel. Problems still remain in the banking sector, and have been reflected in the fall in earnings from investment banking at Goldman Sachs, Citigroup, Bank of America, and JPMorgan; but overall investors have been reassured that corporations are coping fairly well with the present situation. Mainland European markets have also recovered from the sharp falls. There has been encouraging news about the economic background in the euro-zone; fears about sovereign debt defaults have eased; and the latest “stress tests” have only revealed weaknesses in seven of the ninety-one banks that were included in the survey.

Euro Markets have therefore been able to follow the upward trend on Wall Street, and regain recent losses, despite the uncertainties that have still to be resolved.

Conditions are clearly continuing to improve in many areas of the euro-zone economy, and especially in

Germany, helped by the big fall in the value of the euro in the first half of the year, and the strong growth in many of the export markets in the developing world. German companies have taken full advantage of the competitive currency and the available export opportunities, and so, even though domestic demand has remained relatively weak, the German economy is now expected to grow by around 2% this year.

The situation is very different in Greece, Spain, Portugal, Ireland, and even in Italy, and these weaker economies are obviously acting as a drag on the overall performance of the area. The latest purchasing managers indices for both the manufacturing and services sectors of the area are higher, and argue against a pessimistic view of growth prospects; but for the moment we have left unchanged our modest forecasts of overall growth around 1.5% this year. The European Central Bank is clearly more optimistic about prospects. So far it has not raised its growth forecasts; but based presumably on the assumption that the recovery from recession is soundly based and self-sustaining, its reaction to the present situation contrasts sharply with the cautious view of the Fed. The president, Jean Claude Trichet, is arguing that further public spending cuts and tax increases should be introduced immediately, especially in Europe, but also elsewhere in the industrialised world. “Without the swift and appropriate action of central banks” he recently argued, “and a very significant contribution from fiscal policies, we would have experienced a major recession. But now is the time to restore fiscal sustainability”. It is not clear what the consequences of this view might be; but the central bank might even be encouraged to tighten monetary policy as the present programme of fiscal retrenchment develops.

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Shaw Capital Management Investment Deadlock for Japan

The Democratic Party of Japan’s (DPJ) landslide victory in the Lower House election a year ago ushered in euphoric predictions of bold new policies, and even a transformation of the Japanese political system. There were widespread hopes that the DPJ would end the run of short-lived leaders. Instead, Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama’s tenure proved to be a slow-motion train wreck. Indeed, the DPJ quickly showed itself to be no more competent in governing Japan than its much-derided opponent, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP).

After shedding its two albatrosses of Hatoyama and general secretary Ichiro Ozawa, and many of its earlier campaign pledges, the DPJ hoped for a respectable showing in the last Upper House election. Instead, the ruling DPJ suffered a stunning defeat, when voters had the opportunity to show whether they were confident in Prime Minister Naoto Kan’s just over 1-month-old administration. The party ended with only 106 seats, far short of the 122 needed for an outright majority. The gap is too large to be filled by creating a coalition, because the most likely potential partners also lost seats.

As a result, the DPJ coalition can no longer ensure approval of its legislative initiatives. A twisted parliament portends even greater legislative stalemate and political gridlock. Gerald Curtis, a professor at Columbia University in New York and a long-time expert on Japanese politics, said the election had returned Japan to the paralysis and gridlock of the past few years. “You cannot pass a budget now in this political environment. You’ll have weak and unstable government. While the world changes fast, the Japanese government will change very slowly”. Trying to put a good face on the results, Kan said he viewed the election as a “starting point” for his push for a more responsible government ... The policy implications of the election outcome do not suggest an aggressive approach to monetary, fiscal or structural policy over the next few months.

Indeed, the attention of the large parties will most likely be focused on internal matters, leaving less time for focus on the economy. Gridlock is bad for the economy and for investor sentiment if policy drift continues for a prolonged period. According to Alan Feldman, managing director at Morgan Stanley in Tokyo, there are so many pressing problems in the Japanese economy that the costs of gridlock could be very high. In particular, pressure on the Bank of Japan for more aggressive monetary policy will likely be minimal, at least until political disarray ends. Without strong political leadership little progress is likely on budget priorities. The same goes for tax decisions.

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Shaw Capital Management Investment Equity Markets 2010 Part 2

For the moment attention is focused on the strength of the German economy, and the beneficial effects that will be felt elsewhere in the zone; and there has also been a relaxation of tension about debt defaults, after the rescue package agreed by the member countries, and the intervention by the ECB to support the weaker bond markets. The German export performance depends of the maintenance of strong growth in the global economy that may not be sustained; and the odds still suggest that one or more of the weaker countries will at least be forced to defer interest payments on its sovereign debt, and may even default. The latest improvement in the markets therefore seems likely to need further support from Wall Street if it is to be sustained. The best performance amongst the major markets over the past month had occurred in the UK market. The measures announced by the new Coalition government to reduce the size of the fiscal deficit have been well received by the market, despite the fact that they will slow down the pace of the economic recovery over the coming months; and the latest estimate of a 1.1% growth rate in the second quarter of the year suggests that the effects of the fiscal retrenchment might even be less than had been expected, and has removed most of the fears about the possibility of a move into a “double- dip” recession.

The improvement in sentiment amongst investors is therefore easy to understand. Even before the announcement of the estimate of growth in the second quarter of the year, there had been further evidence of an improving economic situation. The unemployment rate fell; retail sales volumes rose by 1%, the strongest monthly increase in almost a year; and the latest quarterly survey from the CBI reported that manufacturing output increased at its strongest rate since 1995.

The 1.1% estimated rate was well above most forecasts. It was the result of expansion in both the manufacturing and services sectors of the economy. But the most surprising figure was the estimated 6.6% rate of growth in the construction sector that accounted for around one third of the overall growth in the period. It has also produced considerable interest regarding the reaction of the Bank of England to these figures. The bank has previously been mainly concerned about the risk of slower growth, and had even considered at the last meeting of its Monetary Policy Committee “arguments in favour of a modest easing in monetary policy” because “prospects for gross domestic product growth had probably deteriorated a little over the month”.

The mood will have changed now; but the governor, Mervyn King, has recently indicated that there will be no early changes in policy as a result of one set of figures. The background factors affecting the market therefore remain. Short-term interest rates will remain low, and the economy is performing better than expected; but the austerity measures that are to be introduced, and especially the increase in VAT in January, will depress demand over the coming months. It therefore seems likely that the UK market, like the markets in mainland Europe, will need further support from Wall Street if the recent strength is to be sustained.

The Japanese market is lower over the past month. There has been further evidence that the pace of the recovery in the Japanese economy is weakening; andthe poor performance by the ruling Democratic Party in the recent election seems likely to lead to a period of political uncertainty that will make it difficult for action to be taken to reverse the trend.

The earlier decision to introduce measures to reduce the massive fiscal deficit was a major reason for the government’s poor election performance in the election, and may well be reversed; and the Bank of Japan’s action to try to increase the rate of bank lending, especially to smaller companies, also seems unlikely to have much of an effect on the economic situation. The background situation in Japan is therefore very disappointing, and this is reflected in the performance of the equity market. It seems unlikely that there will be any early improvement in the situation, and so the Japanese market weakness looks set to continue.

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Commodity Markets - Shaw Capital Management Investment

The general improvement in sentiment in the financial markets over the past month has also been evident in the commodity markets.

There has been further evidence that the global economic recovery in continuing, there has been more support for the view that the pressures resulting from the sovereign debt crisis in Europe may be easing.

As a result, base metals are generally lower over the month, even after the rally on the latest Chinese announcement about the renminbi; most soft commodity prices are slightly lower, although there have been sharp rises in beverage prices on concerns about future supplies; precious metal prices have moved higher as investors have continued to seek “safe havens in the storm”; and there has been a strong recovery in oil prices, helped by optimistic signs of a pick up in US demand.

Base metal prices are ending the past month well above recent low levels, but still slightly lower overall, and there has been an additional boost to confidence in the announcement of a “more flexible” policy towards the renminbi.

It is assumed that even a modest appreciation of the Chinese currency will boost the purchasing power of Chinese buyers, and increase still further China’s position as the world’s largest importer of a broad range of global commodities.

But there is clearly a risk that the importance of this fairly modest move is being exaggerated; and the extent of the earlier reaction should be a powerful warning of the degree of speculative activity in the markets, and the vulnerability of prices. Chinese demand clearly remains a critical factor, and the evidence suggests that it will remain reasonably strong.

Soft commodity markets have again produced a more mixed performance.

Movements in grain prices have been fairly modest, although there has been some support from a recent report by the US Department of Agriculture that the increasing importance of ethanol production will continue to draw down stock levels and help to offset the effects of what is expected to be a bumper grain crop this year.

Most price movements elsewhere have been fairly small; but there have been two significant exceptions. Cocoa prices have been pushed to their highest levels for more than 30 years because of disappointing crop levels in West Africa, and particularly in the Ivory Coast, and the warning that the fall in production will continue unless there is significant investment in new trees and in fertilisers.

There are fears that demand will outstrip supply for the fifth successive year in the 2010/2011 season, and this has forced cocoa buyers to push up prices to cover their requirements, and has exposed the position of banks and others that sold call options in the expectation that prices would fall. The second significant exception has been coffee prices, which have increased by almost 20% during the past month.

The indications are that one commodity-trading house has accumulated a very large number of futures contracts and has indicated that it intends to take delivery of the coffee.

Other funds that had sold futures contracts short have been unable to obtain the coffee to honour those contracts, and so have been forced to scramble to close them and have suffered considerable losses as prices have moved higher.

It is not yet clear whether this technical position has now been cleared; but the fundamentals do not appear to justify the price action, since Brazilian production is expected to be very high in the current season, and so, once the technical position had been cleared, prices could fall fairly sharply.

Oil prices have also been affected by the improvement in market sentiment, and have recovered very sharply over the past month.

Speculative activity has been an important factor; but there has also been an encouraging report from the US Department of Energy indicating strong demand for oil products in the US, and a larger-than-expected reduction in crude oil inventories.

There has also been evidence of continuing strong demand from China; and a warning of the onset of the hurricane season in the Gulf of Mexico, and its possible effects on production levels.

So far however the dramatic oil spill at the BP production well in the Gulf does not appear to have had a noticeable effect on market prices, although the possible consequences, especially for deep-water drilling operations in the future, could clearly become a very significant factor.

The recovery in prices has been very impressive; but it may not be sustainable. OPEC itself has recently issued a very cautious monthly report which argues that “recent developments have moved oil prices out of equilibrium”, and which emphasises that increasing supplies from non-OPEC countries are keeping downward pressure on prices.

It concludes, that “although demand has seen some improvement recently, it has been more than overwhelmed by the higher growth in supply”. It seems likely therefore that the present rally will lose momentum unless there is a serious deterioration in the political situation in the Middle East. Precious metal prices have also moved higher over the past month; investors are clearly still seeking “safe havens in the storm” despite the improvement in sentiment about prospects that has pushed some other commodity prices higher.

Gold prices have reached $1250 per ounce, and silver prices have also moved significantly higher, with exchange-traded funds aggressive buyers of both metals.

The World Gold Council, in its recent quarterly report, indicated that demand for gold was “exceptionally strong”, and that it was expected to remain so for the rest of year, “driven by jewellery demand in India and China, and investment demand in the US and in Europe”.

However it is clear that investment demand is the more important factor, with EFT gold holdings now above 2000 tons, and central banks also adding to their holdings again.

There is an obvious risk that the latest surge in prices will lead to some profit taking. But given the present situation, and particularly the risk of sovereign debt defaults, it would be unwise to assume that the improvement in precious metal prices in over.

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Shaw Capital Management Investment Financial Market Summary 2010

Financial Markets: Sentiment in the financial markets improved considerably over the past month. There was less concern about the possibility of a move into a “double-dip” recession; and fears about sovereign debt defaults also eased.

The improvement in conditions intensified the debate about the relative merits of austerity measures and further stimulus in the current situation, and revealed a significant difference in the approach of the Fed and the European Central Bank.

Equity Markets: Most of the equity markets recovered strongly from the falls that had occurred at the end of June, helped by some encouraging corporate results in the US, and the relaxation of tension about debt defaults in Europe.

Wall Street led the rally, and markets in Europe were able to follow the upward trend, with the strength of the German economy providing significant support. The best performance amongst the major markets occurred in the UK, as investors continued to react favourably to the proposed measures announced by the new UK government to reduce the huge fiscal deficit. The worst performance amongst the majors occurred in the Japanese market as economic and financial conditions in Japan continued to deteriorate. Government bond markets received some support during the past month from the easing of tensions in the sovereign debt markets in Europe. The recent “shock and awe” support operation agreed by member of the euro-zone, and the decision by the European Central Bank to buy the bonds of some of the weaker countries, has provided some reassurance for investors; but considerable uncertainties remain about prospects for the bond market.

The Fed is suggesting that further stimulatory measures might be necessary, whilst at the same time the ECB is warning that reductions in spending programmes and increases in taxes were now necessary, in Europe, but also elsewhere in the industrialised world. Movements in bond markets have therefore been fairly limited over the month.

Currency Markets: The feature of the currency markets has been the swing in sentiment. This has allowed the euro to rally strongly, helped also by the improving sentiment about sovereign debt defaults; and sterling has also moved higher after the announcement of measures to reduce the fiscal deficit in the UK and the more favourable economic news on the UK economy. The best performance; has been achieved by the yen, as its “safe haven” status has been further enhanced by the more serious problems elsewhere in the currency markets.

Short-Term Interest Rates: There have been no changes in short-term interest rates in the major financial markets over the past month.

Commodity markets have benefited from the general improvement in financial markets over the past month. Significant gains have occurred in base metal prices, and in the prices of wheat and coffee amongst the soft commodities.

Precious metal prices have fallen back, and oil prices are basically unchanged over the month after rallying strongly from recent lows.

At Shaw Capital Management we give you the information and insight you need to make the right investment choices.